Describe How Two Businesses Are Organised

Describe how two businesses are organised (P3) I am going to talk about two organisations and how they operate. The organisations I am going to talk about are McDonalds and Chester Zoo. McDonalds is a fast food restaurant and its purpose is to provide the best and fastest customer service so in this way it will give the organisation a good reputation and help them to make more profit. [pic] This shows how stuff work in McDonalds.If there would be a problem with customers for example, then the assistant manager would take care of this but if there would be something more serious then the business manager will have to take care of it because he is the top head of managing. This also shows how the organisation is organized and how everyone is on the top of the chart and also at the bottom. Chester Zoo is a zoo organisation with loads of attractions for children. Its purpose is to keep their customers happy and also help others because Chester Zoo is also a charity and most of its profit goes to charity to help other people.This is one of the organisation charts for Chester Zoo. This organisation chart shows how the herpetology team work at Chester Zoo. For example the herpetology team manager is on top and  everyone below report to him. For example if there was a problem with something to do with the herpetology keepers then they would report it to the herpetology lead keeper who would then report it to the herpetology team manager. Types of organisational structures There are four types of organisational structures which are: †¢ Functional Geographic †¢ Product †¢ Type of customer Functional – Functional structures arrange departments according to what goes on within each department. An example of this structure would be Sandwell College where the lecturers are in their own departments, the receptionists and secretaries would be in the administration department or office and the library and IT staff would be in support services. Geographic – Geographic structures are mostly about the size of the organisation and where it operates.This could be where there are teams of people operating in different locations like in different towns, cities or countries, so it would be very difficult to organise the business simply by its functions. By product – By-product organisational structures offer a range of products or services and these can dictate its structure. For example a supermarket could be organised into the following functional areas: †¢ Fruit and veg †¢ Cooked  meats †¢ Tinned goods †¢ Clothing †¢ Frozen goods By type of customer – By type of customer organisational structures have both consumers as customers and also have other businesses as customers.This can be referred to as B2C (business to consumer) and B2B (business to business). Hierarchical structure – A hierarchical structure consists of multiple levels. This means that the chain of command would look l ike a pyramid with a large base of workers who are supervised by the level above them which continues to the top ranking officer such as the CEO or company president. Flat structure – A flat structure has few levels of management between the executive level and the front-line employees. The purpose of a flat structure is to empower employees by making them a larger part of the decision making process in a business.It is designed to make employees more productive. It also allows for more rapid change and problem resolution as the communication occurs more easily between the upper managers and baseline employees. Matrix structure – A matrix structure is a type of management system in which workers report to more than just one person, effectively having two or more supervisors at the same time. For example professionals with different types of expertise are brought together to work on a project. They report to a number of managers of different projects as well as to a fun ctional supervisor.McDonalds and Chester Zoo both have a hierarchical structure because they have multiple levels and they both have a CEO or company president that everyone reports to. Span of control – Span of control is the number of people that one individual is responsible for in an organisation. The wider the span of control is then the greater the number of whom the individual is responsible. A manager who is responsible for too many people may be so overworked that their staff in turn may not be able to perform their duties effectively.Functional Areas – The functional areas are the specialist areas of activity within an organisation. These include: †¢ Finance †¢ Marketing †¢ Production †¢ Customer service †¢ Sales †¢ Human resources Finance The finance department functions include keeping records of financial activity for example the sales made by the business and providing managers with information that they can use in decision m aking for example cost of making products. For McDonalds the finance department would have to keep track of how many sales they make per day and what kind of meal or burger makes the most money.For Chester Zoo the finance department would have to do the same which is keeping records of how many sales they make per day and how much profit they make. Marketing – The marketing function is responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements. The marketing function have to carry out market research to find out which types of customers make up a particular market for example what they want, where they want it, how they like it and at what price. The marketers will have an important say in deciding: †¢ The products the company produces The prices charged †¢ Promotions designed to encourage the customers †¢ Place where  goods are sold For example at McDonalds the marketers would decide on what type of Mcflurrys they would sell to customers and at Chester Zoo the marketers will decide on what price they will sell their tickets for people to come and visit Chester Zoo Production – The production function organises who makes the goods and how and when they are made. The production manager of a company is responsible for making sure raw materials are processed into finished goods.At McDonalds the production function will have to make sure that the burgers and chips are made in good quality and at Chester Zoo the production team have to make sure that the food they feed to the animals are just right for them to eat. Customer service – Customer service is concerned with looking after customers at all stages of their relationship with a company. They have to provide customers with details about offers, make sure the customers are listened to and valued and attending to customer complaints, providing after sales service such as servicing of goods, spare parts or information about new products.At Chester Zoo the customer service people will have to deal with complaints and will have to tell people who visit about offers they may not know about. Sales – The sales function is responsible for getting customers to buy what the company produces. The sales department works closely with the marketing department. The main responsibility of the sales department is to create orders for goods and services. For example at McDonalds the sales team will have to try and sell as much food as they can to the customers so they can make a profit. At Chester Zoo they will have to do the same thing by selling Chester Zoo merchandise.Human resources – Human resource managers are responsible for all aspects of people management in an organisation. The type of work covered in the human resource function might include a policy-making role, welfare role, supportive role, bargaining and negotiating role, administrative role and educational and development role. At Chester Zoo the human resources will ha ve to do an educational and development role because when they have new employees they will need to train them. This goes for the same at McDonalds, where they will have to train their employees.

Culture Lens

Culture lens Ford went through a hard time, not just because of the outside gloomy economics, but also the pressure of a dysfunctional, often defeatist culture. In Ford’s long business history, culture is not constant; it evolves, the business culture had been changed generation by generation in the economic progress and globalization. Both of essence and dross has been passed down in a grown bureaucracy, where people lost their innovation and structure is messy. The new chief executive of Ford Motor Co. , Alan R. Mulally was taking a culture revolution in this giant machine in order to pull it out of the deep mud.Organization values †¢Pioneered modern management techniques Period 1: Ford is the birthplace of the assembly line and home of the celebrated Whiz Kids, which highly increase the efficiency in the production and copied by the other companies. Period 2: After 1960s, Ford fell into a reverse way and has degenerated into a symbol of inefficiency. Right now, it has four parallel operating units and the company has more than 30 engineering platforms worldwide, each with its own costly bureaucracy, factories, and product development staff.Period 3: Mulally took a big step and would like to reduce the level of complexity. He wants to get that number down to five or six platforms, similar to Honda. More importantly, Ford tries to eliminate all of its unnecessary duplication. †¢Cooperation and efficiency Period 1: After assembly line been introduced to the world, Ford impressed all of their competitors by their highly cooperated work and their efficiency, employees worked together and impede the flaws passing to the next connection. Until the mid-'60s, Ford was considered a management shrine.Period 2: The bureaucracy at Ford grew, and managers took refuge in the structure when things got tough rather than innovate or try new ideas that seemed risky. Personal ties became important in Ford, ambitious managers focused increasingly on kissing the right rings instead of racking up results, which discouraged collaboration. Period 3: With Mulally’s idea, moving job tenures to a long tenure, collaboration would become more important in the future production and management. He has made it a top priority to encourage his team to admit mistakes, to share more information, and to cooperate across divisions †¢Customer focusPeriod 1: Ford focused on customer needs, developed scientific consumer research techniques, which was one of the first auto companies to create products that were based on hard data rather than the personal tastes of executives. Period 2: Employees consider more about their logics than customers’ needs. The tendency of employees is to rationalize mistakes instead of fixing them. Period 3: Mulally wants managers to think more about customers than their own careers. Shared assumptions †¢Rationalize problem instead of fixing problemsIn the example, it is easy to tell that employees’ log ic with problems, rationalizing mistakes instead of fixing them and focusing on customers’ needs. †¢Royal hierarchy Within almost half century’s development, Ford has been fallen into a costly bureaucracy structure. People in the organization have their own status, and it is not allowed to share information freely, manager focus on their rings more than their jobs. †¢Mediocrity is acceptable Weary corporate lifers have become all too comfortable with the idea of losing money.They do not think about to fix problems or try new ideas that seemed risk but took refuge in the structure when things got tough. †¢Resist with outsiders Ford is a place that's notorious for destroying auto industry outsiders–and Mulally is admittedly no car guy. Despite Bill Ford's strong backing, employees are looks arrogant and resist the revolution from outside. Symbols †¢blue oval logo Ford’s logo is highly impressive by their customers, even in the economic c risis, Ford still can pledge their icon to finance enough money from banks and bondholders to turnaround. Assembly line This new product line created quite a stir when it had been introduced to product line; it changed the way manufacturing factory to run their business. What’s more, it is still significantly influence the world and operated in almost all of the manufacturing business. †¢Henry Ford Henry Ford obviously is an outstanding personage in business area, he invented auto business and changed the way people assemble their products. Even right now, when people talk about Ford, we still cannot ignore his impact in the auto area. †¢Bureaucratic organizationThere are no other companies like Ford, has a high level of complexity within their organization structure. There are four parallel operating units and more than 30 engineering platforms worldwide. On the other side, duplication was common in the company; no two vehicles in Ford's lineup share the same mirro rs, headlamps, or even such mundane pieces as the springs and hinges for the hood. Changes in culture system can be slow and painful for an organization, especially in the high developed bureaucracy. However, the importance to take the revolution is obviously, with regard to globalization and fierce competition.

What impressions do we get from Captain Wentworth, Austen’s hero, from chapters 7 to 9?

In chapters seven to nine of Persuasion, Austen introduces us to Captain Wentworth as he has jus arrived in Kellynch. This is the first time that Anne and Wentworth have seen each other in eight years. We learn more about Wentworth and the way he thinks and acts. In these three chapters we also see the effect of Wentworth's arrival on Anne, Henrietta, Louisa and their relations. Through the reactions of the characters we learn more about some aspects of his personality and his behaviour, especially towards Anne. In chapter seven we get the impression from Mr Musgrove than Wentworth is someone who has made a good impression on him and can be respected as after meeting him, Mr Musgrove â€Å"came back warm in his praise†. We also get other impressions of â€Å"Captain Wentworth† from Louisa and Henrietta after he visits their house. They are both charmed by Wentworth and they are â€Å"perfectly delighted† with him, especially after they see â€Å"how much handsomer, how infinitely more agreeable† he is â€Å"than any individual among their male acquaintance†. Austen makes us like Captain Wentworth without us having even met him through the opinions of other people. Not only do the Miss Musgrove's praise Wentworth, their father has a high opinion of him as well. We also see that Mary and Charles are desperate to meet him, to the extent that they will put from their minds one of their son's injuries to have dinner with Wentworth instead. Through their, in particular Mary's actions we see that Wentworth has been deemed important enough to warrant some excitement. We also see the reactions of Mary and Charles after their dinner with Wentworth that they also have praise for him especially on his â€Å"charming manners†. However Anne's reaction to Wentworth and his avoidance of breakfast at the cottage the day after is one of understanding, this is due to the fact that only she knows that he does not want to see her and is avoiding her. However he does come to the cottage, for a brief time where he and Anne meet again for the first time in eight years. Their interaction is only short as he is only visiting for a few minutes before hunting with Charles, yet they are reduced to greeting each other formally â€Å"a bow, a curtsey passed† and they never exchange any words. We see that Anne is relieved to have their first meeting over and done with. However after observing that Wentworth has not changed much and in fact looks much better, she finds out from Mary that Wentworth thought that Anne was â€Å"so altered he should not have know† her again. At the end of the chapter we switch to Wentworth's point of view and his thoughts. We gain an insight into his past relationship with Anne and we find out how he used to feel about her and how â€Å"he had never seen a woman since whom he thought her equal†. This suggest that Wentworth is still not over Anne and was still not used to being in her presence as he had had â€Å"no desire of meeting her again†. We see that Wentworth tries to deny that he has any feeling for Anne and he fools himself into thinking that he wants to marry someone else, anyone except for Anne. We know that he hasn't been totally unaffected by Anne's decision eight years previously as he states that he wants a woman who has â€Å"A strong mind, with sweetness of manner†, two thing which he thinks that Anne lacks due to her being persuade not to marry him. In chapter eight we see much more of Wentworth as he is now part of the â€Å"same circle† as Anne Elliot and her in-laws. From Anne we learn more about how her past relationship with Wentworth is much different from her present one. We see that whilst they were â€Å"Once so much to each other! † they are â€Å"Now nothing†. During this chapter we also find out more about Wentworth's life at sea and the reaction of Louisa and Anne to this. Louisa reacts much like Anne remembers she acted when she was getting to know Wentworth and didn't know much yet about the navy. We find that Wentworth served with the Miss Musgrove's other brother, Richard who died sometime previously. Wentworth is kind to the Musgrove's, in particular Mrs Musgrove about the death of â€Å"Dick† even when it is implied that he did not even like her son and â€Å"had probably been at some pains to get rid of him†. At the end of the chapter we find that Wentworth is enjoying himself and according to Anne, who cannot help notice, this is due to â€Å"the attention of all the young women† this includes Henrietta, Louisa and the Miss Hayters. However Wentworth also seems to be worried or at least curious as to why Anne doesn't seem to be enjoying herself and has not even danced as all she has been doing is providing the entertainment. We also see more interaction between Wentworth and Anne yet it is still only polite and does not even hint that there was anything between them in the past, as if they are only recent acquaintances. In the last chapter we see that Wentworth has had no trouble fitting in at Kellynch and even though he had had plans to move on and visit his brother in the country â€Å"the attractions of Uppercross induced him to put this off†. However with an old face turning up in Uppercross again we find that his reaction to Wentworth is much different to everyone else's opinion of him. The Musgrove's all had â€Å"unvarying, warm admiration† for him, whereas with the arrival of Charles Hayter we see Wentworth from a different perspective. One of the factors which could have explained Charles's opinion of him could be that before the arrival of Wentworth Charles had been attached to Henrietta yet after his arrival Henrietta had forgotten all about him and it was as their relationship had never occurred. We also see more proof that Wentworth cannot see Anne hurt as he saves her from her nephew Walter who had enthusiastically climbed onto her back and had not let go despite being told several times to do so. In this instance we also see more about Charles Hayter's opinion of Wentworth after his good deed is that Walter should have listened to him when he told him to do something. However his opinion of Wentworth has not changed yet he feels slightly inadequate as Wentworth helped where he could not and he feels as if he is being replaced by Wentworth. In conclusion I would say that we find out a lot about Wentworth, especially through opinions of other people. We also find out about more of his past in these three chapters than in the six chapters before. Wentworth is a typical hero from a ‘romantic' novel and he seems as if he is too good to be true as he has no huge flaws in his character. We get the impression that overall Wentworth seems to be past the hurt Anne's rejection caused him yet underneath there are hints that this is just a faiade. This adds depth to his character and make him a much more likeable person.

The Impact Of Tourism In The Construction Industry Essay

The Impact Of Tourism In The Construction Industry - Essay Example This type of development is now under the scanner and faces various pressures and challenges like environmental regulations, land-use planning and protocols, local socio-economic forces and other requirements. Under this situation, it makes a good case to assess and investigate the impacts and implications of modern-day tourism on the construction sector. A careful look at any tourist destination reveals the cyclical link between tourism and the construction industry, both capacitating and facilitating each other. Identifying this link, Riera (1999) and Apostolopoulos et.al. (2001) expressed that mass tourism and accommodation construction are inter-woven, accommodations and hotels need tourist to survive and do business and tourism too needs good accommodation facility for attracting tourists (Riera A., 1999; Apostolopoulos et.al., 2001). Thus, the current trend is in favor of exotic destinations and vacation or second home, a home away from the home which is also an investment home for some. The growth of tourism is always welcome as it has the potential of offering multiple benefits (WWF, 2001; UNEP/CI, 2003; WITC, 2005)-economic opportunities, socio-cultural exchanges & integration, international relationship building and many other associated advantages. For any tourist destination or spot, the growth of tourism implies additional influx of tourists which in turn calls for construction of additional accommodations/vacation homes and tourism infrastructures. Under this situation, tourism growth means more tourists, more demands for accommodations and infrastructures and consequently more construction activities. Looking it the other way, good infrastructures and accommodations can also add to the real value of a destination and attract people facilitating tourism in the process. Thus, there seems to be a straight forward interrelation between tourism and the construction industry (Apostolopoulos et.al., 2001). However, this interrelation or interdependence is not as simple as it sounds. Tourism is intrinsically an activity constrained by time and space and construction too is heavily dependent on space or geographical area and land-use configuration (Hall, 2005). Space has limitations and thus, tourism and the construction industry cannot keep on growing or developing indiscriminately and ceaselessly or else, the realities of space constraints and the possible negative environmental consequences are sure to push this industry into the extinction. Construction related to tourism development (hotels, airports, roads, and vacation homes) causes the greatest negative impact to the ecosystem and more so when the destination is rich in biodiversity like the Mediterranean region. Loss of biodiversity and picturesque landscapes already affects a number of tourist destinations throughout the Mediterranean and often, these losses or negative impacts are far greater than the positive outcomes or the associated values of tourism (Paris Chris, 2006). Therefore, balancing the

The Case of the Variable Laminates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Case of the Variable Laminates - Essay Example This would indicate that soaking time is incremented by 6 minutes, soaking temperature by 10oC and knife pressure by 10 psi. The resulting Taguchi experimental design orthogonal array would assume the form shown in the Appendix. The total number of experiments required would be 36. The thickness measurements are previously being made at every 15 minutes but a greater frequency for soaking time has been defined in order to ensure that process control experimentation resolution is enhanced. The contention in running these experimental runs is to measure the resulting laminate thickness. Once laminate thickness has been tabulated against each experimental run, statistical methods can be used to determine the optimal running conditions. Multiple combinations of operating parameters may produce the desired thickness so other factors such as power consumption may be used to decipher the final operating

Money Laundering and Corruption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Money Laundering and Corruption - Essay Example The government and various financial institutions have made significant efforts of preventing and detecting and fraud issues. This is  when making transactions issues that involve dirty money. Corruption is a moral impunity that involves embezzlement of funds and bribery issues. The government employs operational issues such as use of the FATF for investing corruption and conducting money laundering as well as asset tracing investigations. The Risks Posed By Money Laundering and Corruption to the Global Financial System and International Business Money laundry and corruption pose varied risks towards global financial system and international business. Laundering of money and corruption are interrelated because they both pose risks to customers  and their  products or transaction made and also impose risk to geographical risk factors in varied ways. There are many highlighted cases that have posed risks to many economies across the globe. Therefore, FATF has made considerable ef forts of preventing money laundering and corruption. Therefore, their independent organization have implemented anti monetary laundry and combating terrorist financing activities in order to reduce the risks that may arise from these threats. Understanding risk posed by these threats is significant. This is because it enables the government to provide recommendation for a  reporting entity  to implement  the risk  management systems and assess the level of enhanced due diligence (EDD) in order to reduce risks. Customer Risk Factors Money laundry and corruption issues expose political people and other public official to risks. The measures employed in money laundry are intended to encourage entities to report risk sensitive issues existing in the entity or exposing politically persons to high-risk to customers. The politically exposed persons (PEPs) status does not reveal that a person is corrupt or incriminated for being corrupt, but it reveals the potential risks money laun dering contribute to customers and their transaction process. The risk that corrupt PEP poses to the financial system is seen as one way of putting customers under risk especially when they are making transactions (Karsten 2003, p.15). Business relationships with PEPs contribute to increased customer risks because of increased possibility that an individual is holding. For instance, politicians may misuse authority by influencing their personal gain with an aim of achieving their own advantage. Moreover, the nature of the position may lead to customer risk factors. Someone holding a position in a certain office may have a substantial opportunity and authority of assessing the funds or assets of the state. He or she can take control over the government resources including setting money for combating terrorism issues and other activities; thus exposing customers to greater risks. For instance, the court case of Nicolau Dos Santos Neto, the ex-president of Brazil is one of the incidenc es that reveal the corruption nature of PEPs (FATF Report 2012, p.14). The actual corruption vulnerability may vary depending  upon the extent to which they exercise authority in the hierarchy. It is significant to recognize that not all PEPs cause risks to customers.

Who Put The Borax In Dr. Wileys Butter Food and drug reforms Essay

Who Put The Borax In Dr. Wileys Butter Food and drug reforms - Essay Example The initial investigations were first started on the additive, borax. Besides technical data, significant results after the feeding experiment included, nausea, loss of appetite, influenza symptoms and strained kidneys. The feeding experiment continued on for 5 years and the tests were done on selected additives. Dr. Wiley's unusual experiment caused a commotion amongst the public and the concerned public organizations. This movement's target was not only the inaccuracies of food manufacturing but also the popular drugs or "patent medicine evil" that was also being massively advertised and consumed by the public. This movement had powerful motivations such as the lost integrity of simple face-to-face bargaining and the earlier ways of natural healing. The food industry changed with the massive call of industry in the cities. Food quality was no longer checked individually but by large quantities. Manufactured food required time to arrive in the consumer's home and so the consequences are unsanitary procedures such as excessive preservatives were developed. The extent to how manufacturers altered and deceivingly packaged their product was endless.

Personal Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Personal Development - Essay Example This feeling of helplessness can further exacerbate their physical symptoms if it is not adequately dealt with. The ministrations of an empathetic and considerate nurse can put the patient at ease so that he or she does not feel too vulnerable. In this medical facility, the nurses were also responsible for administering medications to patients and monitoring blood sugar in the case of diabetic patients. I made the decision to prioritise my work in the morning in order to make as efficient a schedule as was possible for each day. Having reflected on the needs of each patient, I would then arrange them according to the cases of most importance before doing the rounds. Reflecting allowed me to be able to closely study the symptoms exhibited by each of my patients, thus allowing me to come up with the best ways of assisting their recoveries. For instance, I would accord more time for an anxious or discouraged patient in order to be able to speak more with them about their interests and f amily. This would help the patient to feel appreciated and less alienated. There are different theories on the importance of reflection and its basic benefits in a healthcare setting. Donald Schon believed that all reflective practices can be divided into reflection on action and reflection in action (Johns, 2011). Reflection on action basically describes the process of reconsidering an event that already took place while reflection in action is more concerned with processing an event even as it takes place (Redmond, 2006). In my first week of placement, reflection-on-action allowed me to be able to recount the actions of other nurses whom I had accompanied on rounds in order to... This paper approves that the nurse will be able to view his or her activities as part of the overall long-term goals. The nurse grows more confident in her or his own abilities to determine an illness without necessarily consulting medical texts. In stage four, the nurse will be more open to considering the symptoms of an illness as the parts of a whole. The nurse improves in terms of decision making and is more interested in engaging in patient-centred care. In the fifth stage, which is the last stage, the nurse uses past experiences to determine different illnesses of patients and does not rely on texts in determining different illnesses. At this stage, the nurse can also easily incorporate the latest medical procedures into patient treatment in order to produce the best outcomes and assist recovery. This paper makes a conclusion that reflecting on a regular basis will not only improve the quality of services extended to patients, but will also facilitate the personal development of individual nurses. Reflection can be conducted through official channels, such as supervised conferences that allow nurses to express their concerns without fear of censure, or in less formal circumstances like team huddles for ‘decompression’- which was something that was soon to be started where I was serving as a student nurse. While developing a nurse’s ability to confront daily challenges, reflection also seeks to make sure that nurses remain caring towards their patients, and perceptive of their particular needs.

Lloyds Banking Group Integration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Lloyds Banking Group Integration - Essay Example In the first type of hybrid structure company can combine the characteristics of both the functional and divisional structures. In this type of hybrid structure, Lloyds Group can organise its important functions into self-contained units by decentralising it whereas, the functions which require economies of scales and stability can be centralised. In the second type of hybrid structure, the company can combine the characteristics of functional, divisional and horizontal structures (Daft, 2009). Most of the multinational companies have hybrid structure. This structure is particularly useful for the organisations where the environment is highly uncertain and organisation can be best managed through divisional structure and some functional expertise is also required (Zamaros). This structure can offer great flexibility to Lloyds Bank. The following table describes the cultural dimensions (Gray & Larson, 2005) which could be affected by changing the organisational structure of Lloyds Gro up from Divisional structure to Hybrid structure. ... f Lloyds Group could be improved by developing teams in the functions which involve teamwork tasks and by emphasising on individual tasks wherever important. Company has the flexibility to achieve a balance between individual work and teamwork. Inter-unit Relations The inter-unit relations of Lloyd Group could be improved if Lloyds Group go for divisional structure and could be reduced if Group goes for functional structure. Company has the flexibility to achieve the balance of coordination and interaction between units. Control The control of the supervisors to influence the behaviour of employees could be improved in the segments of business with functional structure. Company has the flexibility to achieve the balance of control. Social Distance Lloyds could improve its culture by reducing the social distance in the segments where company adopt divisional structure and enhance the social distance where company uses functional structure Reward Criteria The reward criteria could be d efined by establishing seniority based and experience based priorities in functional structure and by establishing performance based criteria in divisional structure Conflict Tolerance Achieving the control tolerance balance across two kinds of structure (functional and divisional) could become a challenge for Lloyds Group Level of Effort The Group could enhance level of efforts of employees by increasing control through centralising some processes and decentralising others, based on particular needs Sharing Information Lloyds Group could control information sharing by using two kinds of structure External Orientation Lloyds Group could also become more flexible to respond to external orientations in a hybrid structure By adopting the hybrid structure, Lloyds Group could achieve various

A critical and thoughtful analysis of the origins of the recent Essay

A critical and thoughtful analysis of the origins of the recent financial crisis - Essay Example concerns were developed regarding the level of security of the financial products provided by financial institutions. Particular emphasis was given on the potential risk of subprime mortgage products offered by most USA banks. However, no measures were introduced for limiting the relevant risk. In this context, the appearance of the crisis in 2007 can be characterized rather as expected; it was just the issue of ‘when’ the crisis was going to appear and not ‘if’ there were chances to occur. The origins of the recent financial crisis are critically discussed in this paper. The literature published on the particular subject is presented aiming to show the different approaches used for the explanation of the crisis as a series of events, which caused severe turbulences to economies worldwide. The potential differences in the arguments used for explaining the crisis reveal the following fact: even after its end, the above crisis has not been fully understood, in all its aspects. The fact that certain theorists set the end of the crisis in 2009 while other estimate the end of the crisis in 2010 is another proof the misunderstanding in regard to the actual forms and the effects of the specific crisis. 2. Origins of the recent financial crisis – critical analysis ... they had managed to mask this risk by giving emphasis on certain characteristics of these products, for example the potential of the customer to choose the number of instalments or the level of interest. In a report published by the World Bank in 2009 it is noted that the origins of the global financial crisis of 2007-2009 can be identified in ‘the economic growth of the years 2003-2007’ (World Bank, 2009, p.94); i.e. the crisis of 2007-2009 is considered to have its roots in the economic decisions of the pre-crisis period, a claim which leads to the assumption that the crisis was unavoidable. In accordance with the above view, the financial crisis of the period 2007-2009 was not related exclusively with the banking practices of 203-2007 but, mostly, with the management of the economics of the state, for example, the investment decisions promoted by the governments worldwide. In the case of Dubai, the continuous increase of investment on construction projects led to the high increase of the relevant debt – referring to the funds used for the completion of these construction projects. It is noted that during the above period, the economic growth reached a percentage of 5% - which was unique since the 1970s (World Bank 2009). However, no measures were taken for protecting economies from potential failures. In fact, the extended use of risky financial products, a result of the radical growth of the above period, has facilitated the increase of leverage. Legislators avoided reacting on time, mostly because the actual risks were not clear. The masking practices, as mentioned above, used by financial institutions helped to hide the risks of leverage and the risk related to the ‘structured financial products’ (World Bank 2009, p.94), extensively used by USA banks

Over population Essay Example for Free

Over population Essay â€Å"Whether we accept it or not, this will likely be the century that determines what the optimal human population is for our planet. It will come about in one of two ways: Either we decide to manage our own numbers, to avoid a collision of every line on civilization’s graph – or nature will do it for us, in the form of famines, thirst, climate chaos, crashing ecosystems, opportunistic disease and wars over dwindling resources that finally cut us down to size† – Alan Weisman A striking quote, if I may say so myself. It embraces and implies in one whole thought the problem of a majority of the countries all over the world are currently facing, the same problem our country has; overpopulation. First and foremost, what exactly does the term â€Å"overpopulation† mean? What does it refer to? Can it be stereotyped as something bad or is it actually a good thing? Arbitrarily speaking, like all other things, overpopulation has its pros and cons. According to the Merriam-webster dictionary overpopulation is â€Å"the condition of having a population so dense as to cause environmental deterioration, an impaired quality of life or a population crash† whereas according to Wikipedia, â€Å"overpopulation occurs when a population of species exceeds the carrying capacity of its ecological niche. It is a function of the number of individuals compared to the relevant resources such as, the water and essential nutrients they need to survive which can result from an increase in births, a decline in mortality rates, an increase in immigration or an unsustainable biome and depletion of resources. † Note that the prefix over applied to other word case scenarios indicate more than desirable, this may also be applied to the word overpopulation. According to Casey B. Mulligan’s article, â€Å"The More the Merrier: Population Growth Promotes Innovation† she focuses on the conclusion that population growth should not be controlled in order to combat global warming, and other world problems since other economists ignore the significant economic benefits of large populations thus implicating that overpopulation is not a burden for a country but more or less an advantage. She justifies her point by quoting the director general of UNICEF, â€Å"Family planning could bring more benefits to more people at less cost than any other single technology now available to the human race† which strongly accentuates her belief that the larger the population, the more viable advantages it brings. One of the benefits of reduced population, it is claimed, is reduced carbon emissions and therefore mitigation of climate change. This statement takes technology for granted, yet technology itself depends on population. The more people on earth, the greater the chance that one of them has an idea of how to improve alternative energy or how to mitigate the climate effects of carbon emissions. It takes only one person to have an idea that can benefit many which focuses on appeal for innovation but this may only happen when the people in said community are encouraged to become responsible and productive. Many scientists agree that the human population is quickly reaching the point at which the planet will be unable to sustain it. This growth has placed a huge strain on the planets finite resources and done serious economic damage to nations all over the world, but some people, aside from Casey B. Mulligan, believe that there are a few advantages to having an ever-growing worldwide population. Among the other advantages or benefits of overpopulation is (1) increased labour forces resulting to increase in produced goods and services thus providing an economic boost, (2) more minds or ideas that will generate greater technologies in the future and (3) increased military might. But, are these advantages enough to encourage overpopulation to just continue as it is now? There are a lot of questions and controversies linked to the fast growing issues about the population with both the Catholic Church and our government officials going on about the pros and cons we now face because of ever growing population. Recently, news about the RH Bill created a public uproar but what exactly is the RH Bill all about? The Reproductive Health bill, popularly known as the RH bill, aims to guarantee universal access to methods and information on birth control and maternal care with a goal to help people prepare and widen up each and every individual’s mind setting about our society in all its modernized glory. There has been a debate on its proposal that we, as taxpayers, along with various private sectors will fund and undertake widespread distribution of family planning devices such as birth control pills and IUDs which the Catholic Church strongly opposes against usage since it goes against the unwritten law of life. Hence, usage of these controversial pills is considered an immoral crime. Whereas, the Government reasons that the Philippines is in dire need of this bill since overpopulation is unhealthy for a country like ours. Overpopulation manifests growth. Growth may either be good or bad but for a majority of the public, growth in terms of the human population, is bad. People have been brainwashed into believing that all growth, unless it pertains to cancer, is unquestionably a good thing. But let’s really dwell and think about this cautiously. Would we want our population to grow until people standing in a mall end up shoulder to shoulder? Would you want that? I wouldn’t want that! That itself is an indication that we’ve recognized that the population growth must stop at some point, and not just slow down, either. Though most scientists and researchers argue that global warming is the big thing to worry about, they have completely neglected the root cause. At this point in time, it doesn’t even matter if humans are responsible for global warming even if we are so clearly the cause of the events unfolding right now. Too many mouths to feed and less natural resources on hand can have a devastating effect on the economy. Our country faces the problem of overpopulation and we are subject to disadvantages such as (1) more mouths to feed, (2) lowered standard of living, (3) increased problems pertaining to poverty, (4) overcrowded public areas, (5) sickness and spreading of diseases, (6) insufficient natural resources to provide adequate goods and services, (7) inadequate facilities such as housing, medical etc. Problem of starvation and malnourished population, (9) education facilities may not meet the requirements of the entire population, (10) unemployment, (11) higher crime rate due to unequal distribution of wealth and insufficient financial resources, (12) environmental pollution, trees are felled to make space for housing facilities, (13) agricultural production is insufficient to meet the requirements of the entire population, which results in higher prices, (14) money is diverted to ensure that the population is fed, rather than carrying out fundamental research, (15) lower life expectancy, (16) large number of people live in unhygienic conditions, (18) heightened birth rate and so much more. The list goes on! All the world leaders are concerned about how to feed, clothe, and supply water and energy to the growing multitudes but all these efforts will prove futile if world population continues to grow. We live on a finite planet. Growth will simply overwhelm the attempted remedies. The effects have been stated but what exactly are the causes of overpopulation? Some of the causes of overpopulation are as follows: Decline in death rate: the fall in death rates that is also known as decline in mortality rate is one of the fundamental causes of overpopulation. Owing to the advancements in medicine, man has found cures to the previously fatal diseases. This has resulted in an increase in population. Rise in birth rate: thanks to the new discoveries in nutritional science, we have been able to bring in increase in the fertility rates of human beings. Medicines of today can boost the reproductive rate in human beings. There are medicines and treatments which help in terms of conception. Thus, science in one way or another has led to an increase in birth rate. Migration: Immigration is a problem in some parts of the world. If the inhabitants of various countries migrate to a particular part of the world and settle over there, the area is bound to suffer from the ill effects of overpopulation. If the rates of emigration from a certain nation do not match the rates of immigration to that country, overpopulation is therefore present creating an imbalance in the density of the population. Lack of education: illiteracy is another important cause of overpopulation. Those lacking education fail to understand the need to prevent excessive growth of population. They are unable to understand the harmful effects that overpopulation emits. They are unaware of the ways to control population. Lack of family planning is commonly seen in the illiterate areas of the world which constitutes as a major factor leading to overpopulation. So, does our planet benefit from overpopulation or does it cause more harm than it does good? Once again, we are left to contemplate and ponder whether overpopulation can be considered a plausible advantage or a disadvantage. Taking into careful consideration the growth of the population in the Philippines which is expected to reach a hundred million this year putting a strain on the country’s resources, the Commission on Population (Pop-Com) said. â€Å"Definitely in the third or fourth quarter of this year, we will be more than 100 million,† Pop-Com executive director Juan Antonio Perez III told The STAR in a recent interview. In 2014, the National Statistical Coordination Board estimated the country’s population to be around 97. 35 million. Studies show that over a period of time, the increase of population slowly increases but in the span of 30 years, we could probably hit over a billion in number. And if that isn’t alarming, I don’t know what is! Viewing the issue of increasing population optimistically, one may say that overpopulation means the increase in human resources. This may be true but we cannot ignore the fact that the increase in the number of producers implies an increase in the number of consumers. Greater number of people requires a greater number of resources which our nation is not capable of providing at the very moment. The Philippines as slow progressing country must acknowledge that the Earth has finite resources. Our current population increases and economic growth mentality bear all the hallmarks of a country still locked into colonial thinking. Population and personal consumption are two sides of the same coin. The logical conclusion is that we can’t keep consuming these resources indefinitely, either through increasing per capita consumption or the number of us consuming. And yet, how we balance two options remains a subject of contention. This is where consumption and sustainability play a role. The population issue is fraught with moral positions, confusion and unexpected connections. We cannot talk about population growth without also discussing decline; or immigration, without climate and business; or contraception, without faith and medical technology. It is the mother of cross-cutting issues – at the intersection of economics, environment, gender roles, culture, politics and religion. The population question is about the possibility and necessity of balancing the needs of nature and human civilization and this must take place as soon as possible before what we dread happens, depletion and insufficiency of our environmental resources. The worst enemy of life is too much life, the excess of human life. But think again will life kill life or we just need to think how life can help other life even in the edge of overpopulation. You cannot stop overpopulation you need to maintain it or accept it make it an advantage even everybody thinks it is a disadvantage, nobody really know what overpopulation can bring let just help each other to make this overpopulation an advantage.

English-language films Essay Example for Free

English-language films Essay Your Name Reference Number Email id The objective of this form to capture feedback from our valuable students related to their experience with ISBM. We intend to capture your views on the complete Objective cycle of your experience with ISBM. This will help us to serve you and other students better and achieve a better satisfaction index. Thank you in advance for your precious time. Mobile Number Instructions to fill this form 1 2 3 While answering the questionnaire, select only one option. For some questions, there are additional spaces provided at the end of question. Use this space to provide any other feedback relevant to that question. Please post the filled form to: ISBM, A/222 , Shanti Shopping Centre , Opp. Railway Station, Mira road (E), Thane-401107, Maharashtra, INDIA 1. How was your admission handled by ISBM? Excellent Good Above Average 2. Did you receive the books well in time? Yes No Average Poor 3. How would you rate the quality of course material for the compulsory subjects? Excellent Good Above Average Average Poor Additional Comments (If Any) 4. How would you rate the quality of course material for specialization subject(s)? Excellent Good Above Average Average Poor Additional Comments (If Any) Student Satisfaction Form-Q4-2008 Page 1 of 4 Q4-2008. 5. Any suggestions for improving the content of subjects offered? 6. How was the support from our examination department? Excellent Good Above Average Average Additional Comments (If Any) 7. How do rate the pattern/structure of our examinations? Excellent Good Above Average 8. Did you face any problems with payment of fees? Yes No If Yes then please specify Poor Average Poor 9. Any specific concern/problem which remains unsolved? Yes No If Yes then please specify 10. How do you assess your overall experience with ISBM Excellent Good Above Average Average Poor 11. How many of your friends are/were students of ISBM? ____________ 12. Mention your achievements in Personal and Professional life due to ISBM. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Student Satisfaction Form-Q4-2008 Page 2 of 4 Q4-2008 13. List out any five positive sides of ISBM. 1 2 3 4 5 14. List out any five suggestions/improvements for ISBM. 1 2 3 4 5 15. Would you like to refer your friends/family members for ISBM courses? If yes, please provide us with the following details. Phone Number Name Email id (With STD Code) 1 2 3 4 Thank you for your precious time. ISBM will analyze your satisfaction rating and try its level best to serve its precious students better. Student Satisfaction Form-Q4-2008 Page 3 of 4 Q4-2008 Hi, Greetings from www. bigvacancy. com BigVacancy is a partner of Indian School of Business Management and Administration (ISBM). As a part of its placement assistance, ISBM has tied up with BigVacancy to provide its student exposure to the various job markets. We request you to register with us on www. bigvacancy. com and post your resume on the same site. Registration is free on our website. Our registered employers will thus have an exclusive database of ISBM students for recruitment. If you need any support, please feel free to contact us from our website. www. bigvacancy. com Wish you all the best. See you as a registered member of BigVacancy soon. Best Wishes, ISBM BigVacancy Student Satisfaction Form-Q4-2008.

Introduction to Stress Management

Introduction to Stress Management Contents (Jump to): What Is Stress? Categories of Stress Organizational Stress Managing Stress Organizational Stress Management Critical Incident Stress Management The Godrej Case Modern Organizational Stress Management Techniques Conclusion Bibliography EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ONLY recently has stress been seen as a contributory factor to the productivity and health costs of companies and countries. As studies of stress-related illnesses and deaths show, stress imposes a high cost on individual health and well-being as well as organizational productivity. There are books now, which review the sources and outcomes of job-related stress, the methods used to assess levels and consequences of occupational stress and strategies to confront stress and its associated problems. A visit to Godrej Consumer Products Ltd. (Vikhroli) was of great help in my project. Godrej is one of the companies that are using various Stress Management methods in their organization. Here I met Mr. Sameer Bharoik, The Leadership and Organization Effectiveness Staff Consultant, HR Department, Godrej, who is one of the committee members of their very effective stress management system. He told me about the stress management system they were using in Godrej. I was also told about their need to adopt the modern day Stress Management methods rather than the old one, what are the advantages the disadvantages etc. A very friendly and helpful man by nature, Mr. Sameer helped me a lot to understand how the Stress Management methods are meant to work, what are the practical difficulties in the implementation and how they have managed to overcome these difficulties successfully. What is Stress? Stress is a complex phenomenon. It has been defined in many ways, but simply put; it is the wear and tear of everyday life. In everydays life people are subjected to a wide range of pressures. Similarly there are also a wide range of resources and strategies for coping with pressure. Sometimes people cope well and will not feel that the pressure is having any adverse effect upon them. At other times they will have difficulty in dealing with the situation and that is when we may use the term stress. In reality, any situation that puts pressure is technically stressful. Stress is not necessarily unpleasant or harmful. When people are able to cope satisfactorily with the stress and find it to be positive in its effect, they tend to use other words such as stimulation or challenge. In this regard a simple but accurate definition of stress is: Stress occurs when the pressure upon us exceeds our resources to cope up with the pressure Categories of Stress Stress can be broadly classified in the following categories: Acute stress is what most people identify as stress. It makes itself felt through tension headaches, emotional upsets, gastrointestinal disturbances, feelings of agitation and pressure. Its easily treatable and can be brought under control in six to eight weeks. Episodic acute stress is more serious and can lead to migraines, hypertension, stroke, heart attack, anxiety, depression, serious gastrointestinal distress. Its quite treatable, but it takes general life style readjustments, four to six months, and often requires professional help. Chronic stress is the most serious of all. Its the stress that never ends. It grinds us down until our resistance is gone. Serious systemic illness such as diabetes, decreased immunocompetence, perhaps cancer is its hallmark. It can be treated, even reversed, but it takes time sometimes two to three years-and often requires professional help. Traumatic stress is the result of massive acute stress, the effects of which can reverberate through our systems for years. Post traumatic stress disorder is treatable and reversible and usually requires professional aid. Certain Statistics that support common belief about stress: Statistics from a recent global stress research study show that increased stress is felt worldwide, and stress affects women differently than men: A recent Roper Starch Worldwide survey of 30,000 people between the ages of 13 and 65 in 30 countries showed: Women who work full-time and have children under the age of 13 report the greatest stress worldwide Nearly one in four mothers who work full-time and have children under 13 feel stress almost every day Globally, 23% of women executives and professionals, and 19% of their male peers, say they feel super-stressed At work, the following may be stressors. Needs not met. These could be needs for power, for fulfillment, for use of knowledge Not being included by others as part of a group you want to belong to Not being recognized or valued for ones competence Feeling that one is not adequate for the task, particularly when compared to some one else Being denied what is due (rewards, work) Monotony or boredom Not having enough freedom at work, being closely supervised Inequity in rewards, assignments Very little opportunity for growth Too much of work, overload Too little work, boredom Inadequate resources to do the assigned work, creating possibilities of failures Conflict in values at work, being required to do what one does not like to do Too many and conflicting demands at work from the role set Responsibilities not clear, ambiguity on what is expected Understanding, unpredictable, temperamental boss New unfamiliar work Being blamed On close analysis, it will be found that all of the above situations are, in some way or other, causing perceptions of possible failure at work or non-recognition and consequent loss of self-esteem. The Healthy Pattern recognizes that we can help our bodies to cope with the stress adjustment process by applying a positive strategy, such as leisure, relaxation, a vacation/trip, exercise and others. This restores a healthy stress level. The Crisis Pattern develops when we fail to recognize the signals that the body sends and therefore we continue to stress ourselves until eventually we drop and enter a deep negative state (crisis) and then physical and/or psychological breakdown ORGANISATIONAL STRESS There is a considerable cost to people, in both human and financial terms, in working in an unhealthy stressful environment. It is therefore in the interest of all leaders and managers to create healthy workplaces. What is commonly referred to as organizational stress may be said to be caused by a dysfunctional culture. Where members of an organization share a negative view of that organization, they are not likely to be motivated to perform well. On the contrary, they may feel that work is not worthwhile and that there is little point in pursuing personal or organizational objectives or desires. The result may be a serious loss of self-esteem and when this condition prevails this will be experienced as stress. Some of the consequences of stress have been identified as: Reduced productivity Lack of creativity Job dissatisfaction Increased sick leave Premature retirement Absenteeism Accidents Organizational breakdown There are many ways in which organizational culture will manifest itself in a dysfunctional way. For example, the unhelpful and dysfunctional division between us and them, which may be perpetuated, by both senior managers and those at other levels of an organization in a collusive manner. A division, which results in a lack of proper communication and a sort of blaming culture. Addressing these matters is difficult work, work that cannot be adequately dealt with by managers or internal consultants because they are part of the culture; part of the hierarchy, and subject to the authority structure of the organization. However, this is not the total extent of the needs regarding organizational stress. There is also a need for a Stress Management Strategy that through various approaches will, in its entirety, provide for the needs of the organization. Such a strategy would address the following sort of issues: The first four actions are as essential as the last. Internal staff that has the knowledge, skills can develop all these and ability to ensure that what is provided is as good as anywhere else. There may be benefit from employing outside assistance to consult to the process but basically the experts in the field are in the organization. The real point is that this sort of strategy should be seen as a total package. Without addressing the issue of culture the organization will not achieve the desired effective activities in the areas identified at 1 4 above. Equally, it could be ensured that the organization had a wonderful culture but without the other activities there would be no service available to members of the organization. Short term stress Where stress is low, one may find that his/her performance is low because of boredom, lack concentration and motivation. Where stress is too high, the performance can suffer from all the symptoms of excessive short-term stress. In the middle, at a moderate level of stress, there is a zone of best performance. If one can keep oneself within this zone, then that person will be sufficiently aroused to perform well while not being over-stressed and unhappy. This graph, and this zone of optimum performance, is different shapes for different people. Some people may operate most effectively at a level of stress that would leave other people either bored or in pieces. It is possible that someone who functions superbly at a low level might experience difficulties at a high level. Alternatively someone who performs only moderately at low level might perform exceptionally under extreme pressure. The best way of finding your optimum level of stress is to keep a stress diary for a number of weeks. Long term stress The problems of long term, sustained stress are more associated with fatigue, morale and health than with short term adrenaline management. The graph shows stages that a person may go through in response to sustained levels of excessive stress: During the first phase a person will face challenges with plenty of energy. Ones response will probably be positive and effective. After a period of time one may begin to feel seriously tired. The person may start to feel anxious, frustrated and upset. The quality of ones work may begin to suffer. As high stress continues one may begin to feel a sense of failure and may be ill more frequently. A person may also begin to feel exploited by his/her organization. At this stage the person may start to distance himself/herself from the employer, perhaps starting to look for a new job. If high levels of stress continue without relief one may ultimately experience depression, burnout, nervous breakdown, or some other form of serious stress related illness. Managing Stress Stress cannot be avoided. It should not be avoided. Without stress, there will be no attempt to try the difficult. One will give up much too easily. One will not succeed in doing even what one is easily capable of, because even the normal faculties will not come into play like the goalkeeper, if he remained relaxed even at the last minute. There are two aspects to take care of in managing stress. One is that one should not develop stress to the point that one becomes non-functional like Arjuna laying down his arms. The second is to try to get back to normal as quickly as one can and not continue to be in a state of stress for too long. The former is achieved essentially by an attitude that is developed by rational thoughts. The first is to realize that ones perceptions often distort the reality. The situation may not be as bad as it may seem to be. The second is to understand that a failure is not an unmitigated disaster. It is not possible to succeed all the time. It is not even necessary to succeed all the time. One failed effort does not mean that the person is no good. Nobody has succeeded without many losses. Even World champions sometimes lose a first round match to an unseeded player. Marconi and Thomas Alva Edison succeeded in their inventions after many attempts that failed. They saw failures as opportunities to learn. The third is to recognize that worry and anxiety will not modify the situation, but will only disturb ones peace of mind and health. If one watches passengers at airports and railway stations, one will find how some of them remain quite relaxed and even sleeping while others are continuously making enquiries from officials about extent and causes of delays. Such constant enquiries only irritate, but do not expedite solutions. They add to stress of self and of others. As an organization as a whole Organizational Stress Auditing (organization) Before organizational stress is targeted, we need to know what is causing it. Workplace stressors should be identified and employees can guide with options to manage it. Stress Management Training (group or individual) Through a range of easily applied, practical courses underpinned by widely accepted Stress Management theory, groups and individuals can increase their understanding of the causes of stress and through this, learn techniques for reducing and dealing with stress. As the Manager As the boss, one can ensure that subordinates are not put to undue stress and also that they are helped to get out of stress situations as quickly as possible. The steps are Recognize the stress levels Show concern Encourage talking Listen Empathize Explain and show how it can be done Reassure Provide support Discuss and involve them in decisions Show respect to the individuals Avoid insult, denunciation, abuse, reprimand, particularly in public Avoid manipulation, coercion, blaming Avoid pressurizing too much Provide social support All the above, render support and help to reduce anxieties. It is not suggested that the demands on people should be lowered. People like challenges. They must be given challenging assignments. That is the only way to growth. But if there is a sensing of extreme stress, it should be managed through reassurance, not by withdrawing the assignment. Personality Types Studies on Stress have identified that Type A personalities tend to get stressed much faster than Type B personalities. The characteristics of a Type A personality are an intense urge to achieve, impatience and restlessness, always on the move, hurrying, doing more than one task at a time. He keeps a heavy and tight schedule and dislikes waiting and relaxing. The Type B is exactly the opposite, takes things easy, finds time to relax, is not impatient and is not obsessed with winning all the time. Instruments have been developed to identify the Type of any person. But no one is fully Type A or fully Type B. It is possible to move from one type to another. It is not as if Type B is the more desirable personality, because stress is not the only factor relevant for effectiveness. Achievement is equally important for effectiveness and there the Type A has a better chance to win. Time Management Inadequacy of resource is a common stressor. One needs resources to do a job and if the resource is not available, there could be stress. One important resource is Time. Many people find that they do not have enough time to do a job. Deadlines seem to be difficult to meet. This is true of individuals as well as of collectives. We read of committees asking for extension of time to do their jobs; of projects not being completed on time. Unfortunately, time is such a resource that nobody can give more or take away. Everybody has a definite amount of time available. Studies show that people are poor planners in terms of usage of time as a resource. Time is wasted in a number of ways. Therefore, if one learns ways to manage ones time better, there could be a better control on stress. Time is wasted because of Non-productive work like searching for files, papers and references. Available information being inadequate or incomplete Meetings and lengthy reports Indecisiveness, unable to make up ones mind Correcting errors in instructions, assignments Clarifying goals and roles Too much routine, paperwork Lack of prioritization Once the cause is known, the remedy should be obvious. The best way to know the cause is to keep a detailed log of how one is using his time over a period of a week or so. Some of the remedies will be in the nature of readjustments of personal habits, like planning on priorities, avoiding drift in meetings, not insisting on perfectionism etc. Some remedies will be in the nature of reorganizing work systems in the office so that search and corrections are made minimal. Some will be in the nature of training others for better work practices, so that supervision can be less. Indecisiveness has been mentioned as a time waster. This may happen because of lack of clarity on objectives or because of fatigue and the mind not being able to concentrate. Both are avoidable. Indecisiveness can also happen because of lack of knowledge on the subject. The time one takes to study a matter depends on ones skill. Experienced people run through a 100 page file, without reading every page, but picking up the important and relevant matter, while another may have to spend double the time reading every paper to determine its relevance. Thus, one way to manage time better is to improve ones skills at work Stress is the wear and tear our bodies experience as we adjust to our continually changing environment; it has physical and emotional effects on us and can create positive or negative feelings. As a positive influence, stress can help compel us to action; it can result in a new awareness and an exciting new perspective. As a negative influence, it can result in feelings of distrust, rejection, anger, and depression, which in turn can lead to health problems such as headaches, upset stomach, rashes, insomnia, ulcers, high blood pressure, heart disease, and stroke. With the death of a loved one, the birth of a child, a job promotion, or a new relationship, we experience stress as we readjust our lives. In so adjusting to different circumstances, stress will help or hinder us depending on how we react to it. Presentation Idea: Schedule a stress busting experiential activity to help deal with particularly stressful times in life. Examples could include bringing in a massage therapist to share techniques with the chapter, scheduling regular physical activities or having an individual lead the chapter through a meditation/imagery exercise. For exercise examples, feel free to contact the Coordinator of Resource Development at Executive Offices. More and more employees are experiencing stress at work. They may be coping with too much pressure, long hours or rapid change. The nature of employment has now changed and the idea of a job for life has been replaced by an emphasis on performance. Stress is now recognized as a valid health and safety issue at work. Litigation is on the increase and there have been successful claims for compensation for work-related stress. More and more employers are turning to Stress Management to tackle these problems. Stress Management can enable people to improve their own response to stress and enable the organization to reduce workplace stressors. Our Training Package addresses the problems of work-place stress with the twofold approach of Stress Auditing and Stress Management Training. The Stress Audit for the Organization We provide the information and materials to enable you to carry out a Stress Audit for your organization. The findings of the audit can be addressed in the Stress Management Training sessions. Master copies of all Stress Audit forms and questionnaires are provided in order for you to carry out regular audits. Organizational Stress Management Organizational Stress Management aims at preventing and reducing stress for both the individual employee and the organization or company. The Training Package offers you eight detailed sessions for stress management training groups in your workplace. These include eight relaxation exercises on audio cassette tapes, together with training in relaxation, breathing and cognitive-behavioral techniques. We also provide practical training in the management of many workplace stressors. The Stress Management sessions provide employees with the opportunity to tackle major stressors using techniques from Problem Solving Therapy. We also provide research notes with each session giving you in-depth background information on the problems of work-pace stress, together with step-by-step presentations of related therapies of particular value in the treatment of stress at work. Case studies Fortune 50 company installs Stress Navigator on corporate intranet as in-house stress control program; prior to program rollout, the site attracts 7,000 employees ready to reduce stress The Situation: This Fortune 50 Company, like many others, realized that stress was a significant problem, a major burden in both economic and human terms for company and employees alike. They had tried various stress management programs before, but with little success employees werent utilizing the programs. When they first saw the Stress Navigator Workshop, the company realized that this program was different. When used as a portal to the Human Resources, it could directly link employees to appropriate corporate benefits and programs. The Stress Navigator Workshop: This Company put the Workshop on their corporate intranet as part of a pilot program for executives. The executives had such a positive experience with it that they mentioned it to their co-workers and others. Word of mouth spread, and before they knew it, more than 10% percent of their 70,000 employees with access to the corporate intranet had taken the workshop online. And this was before it was general knowledge that the program was available. Stress Directions and the Stress Navigator Workshop answered a need the company knew they had, but didnt know how to resolve. Employees recognized the opportunity immediately and got the help they needed. The Resolution: When presented with a system that made sense, the organization and individuals chose to take action towards health. Its too soon to measure the impact of Stress Directions on their bottom-line, but after a year on their intranet, much of this companys workforce has gone through the online program. The company has settled on the Stress Navigator Workshop as their stress control strategy and plans to keep it available for their employees indefinitely. Personal products company struggles to maintain global market share, restructures product delivery protocol to increase health and productivity, and decrease costs The Situation: The Situation: The most recent product development cycle of this global manufacturing company provides a prime example of how stress can cost even the most successful organizations. In the rush to stay competitive, what had been a five-year development cycle was cut to three years. Because of the push to get the new product on the market, design and engineering specs were less firm than they should have been, and decision-makers continued to tinker with basic design after manufacturing machinery was under construction. The machinery had to be redesigned and rebuilt several times. Machinists were assigned back-breaking amounts of overtime to stay on schedule. The ripple effects of the overtime made the situation stressful for families as well as employees. With no time to rest, machinists made mistakes that had to be corrected, which called for more overtime. The entire development team felt tremendous stress and, sadly, three suicides occurred among them during a 13-month time period. The Organization Stress Profile: The 850-member development team took the Stress Navigator Workshop either online or in the paper and pencil format in a corporate effort to address wellness issues and retain the entire corporations competitive market position. In the workshops, employees cited overwork as their number one stress concern. The Resolution: The division head in charge of the development team implemented mandatory stress management programs and put a cap on overtime. In the end, the incidence of errors dropped significantly and employees were able to accomplish more work of higher quality in fewer hours. Federal agency cuts turnover rate from 40% to 15% in three years by identifying stress patterns and changing hiring philosophy The Situation: This 47-person government agency had a 40% turnover rate and was experiencing deep problems with employee moral and stress. A manufacturing section within the agency was particularly hard-hit and had fallen far behind schedule. Management was quickly reaching a dead-end in their search for solutions, and job security was on the line. The agency perceived high stress in the manufacturing section to be the likely cause of its problems. The Organization Stress Profile: All agency employees were administered the Stress Navigator Questionnaire to determine whether the turnover rate was indeed related to job stress. Grouped results did show the manufacturing group to be higher in susceptibility to stress, sources of stress, and symptoms of stress. But they also differed demographically from their peers in many significant respects. For example, their average age was five to ten years younger than workers in the other two sections of the agency, and this job typically represented their first foray into the labor market. Further analysis revealed that the workers in manufacturing had several likely causes for higher stress and job dissatisfaction. Compared to co-workers in nearby regulation and communication sections, they had less seniority (it was the entry-level section of the organization), earned lower pay, were more vulnerable to seasonal layoffs, were restricted to their work stations, and had no access to phones. In addition, they were isolated from the other sections by a wall with a single door that remained open so they were constantly aware of the contrast in working conditions between their section and the others. In other words, manufacturing still scored highest in all stress categories, but not for the reasons that had been assumed. In-depth analysis made it evident much of the workplace stress stemmed from the fact that the employees were young and financially insecure. The turnover had as much to do with conditions outside of the agency, such as career level, maturity and financial security, as it did with the conditions of the workplace. Resolution: Based on the information gleaned from the Stress Navigator Workshops and the advice of stress consultants, the agency corrected many of the internal conditions cited above, implemented appropriate stress management training for supervisors, and changed their hiring patterns to select stable, more mature workers who would not be looking at the job as a career opportunity. Turnover rates were cut from 40% to 15% in just under three years. Critical Incident Stress Management Critical incidents do occur In the workplace: Accidents on the work sight A sudden unexpected death of a coworker Workplace violence Critical Incident stress is a normal response to an abnormal situation. Left untreated, critical Incident stress could lead to lower production, increased absenteeism, Increased substance abuse, and increased use of health care benefits. The stress reactions experienced by those who have been exposed to a critical Incident may appear immediately or surface hours or days after the event: Survivor guilt, Flashbacks, Confusion Poor concentration, Distressing dreams Fatigue, Grief, Fear Anger, Chills, Diarrhoea, Nausea These are only a few examples of what individuals report after experiencing a critical Incident. Sometimes the critical Incident Is so painful professional assistance from a specially trained Individual becomes necessary. WORKPLACE RESOURCES has professionals with more than ten years experience in the area of critical Incident stress. We can provide: pre-planning: to help you design a plan of action to assist your company be better prepared If and when your workplace experiences a critical incident post-accident: We will provide a team to help assess the situation and guide you through the recovery phase. THE GODREJ CASE About Godrej Everyday, every Indian encounters the Godrej name sometime somewhere. A person may begin the day bathing with a Godrej soap, shaving with a Godrej shaving cream, storing clothes in a Godrej Storewell cupboard, cooking food in a Godrej cooking oil and preserving it in a Godrej refrigerator. Money and valuables are kept in a Godrej safe, work is done on a Godrej computer or typewriter while sitting on a Godrej chair and drinking a Godrej fruit drink. Yet few know about the indomitable spirit of the man responsible for making Godrej a household name Ardeshir Godrej., a pioneer who produced quality products and captured markets. Innovation has been the key. It is this spirit that has built Godrej and carried it for a hundred years. Taking it into diverse industries ranging from cupboards to soaps, hair dyes to edible oils, and packaged foods to refrigerators. In recent years several partnerships have been formed with international giants like General Electric, Pillsbury, Fiskars and Sara Lee, bringing Godrej membership in the Global village that will carry it forward into the 21st century. Godrej has always been a crusader for a better world with programs that benefit endangered forests, wild life and mangroves. Every year the Pirojsha Godrej Foundation dedicates funds towards promoting education, housing, social upliftment, conservation, population management and relief of natural calamities. Godrej Consumer Products Ltd.(GCPL) is a major player in the Indian FMCG market with leadership in personal, hair, household and fabric care segments. The company employs 950 people and has three state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities at Malanpur (M.P.) Guwahati (Assam) and Silvassa (U.T.). Their main focus is on providing their customers with innovative, value for money solutions for meeting their da

Alone and Unhappy :: Creative Writing Essays

Alone and Unhappy She sat on the Q train waiting for her stop. The time was finally here. She was just an hour away from happiness. Beverly Rd, Church St, Atlantic Ave she got up and off the train. She followed the rush of people to catch the 2 train into the city. The 2 or 3 train never came regularly so she waited patiently. In the distance she heard a couple of Mexicans playing the accordion and the guitar. She could not make out the song, but they sounded pretty good. Finally the 2 train pulled in and she boarded. She observed her surroundings to pass the time. It wasn’t a short trip from Brooklyn to the city. There was a Hispanic mother and her little son sitting across from her. The son stared at her the whole ride. She wondered if he could see right through her. His eyes were blank and still. She courteously smiled at the boy and he gave her the finger and laughed to himself. She gave the boy the finger and moved on to the next person that caught her attention. It was an older white man. He gave her a disapproving look and turned his head. She felt embarrassed now for her actions, but the boy started it. The train stopped and she thought it was her stop. She rushed to get up and noticed it was only 14th St. If she was pale, she would be beet red at this point. She gracefully sat back down and tried to fan herself to get rid of the flushed feeling in her cheeks. When she finally gained her composure, she noticed a man was standing in front of her against the doors. He just took her breath away. How gorgeous he was just standing there. She could not keep her eyes off him. He noticed and looked a little uncomfortable.

Essay --

In 1973, Congress passed the Endangered Species Act (ESA) that expressed concern that many species were in danger of becoming extinct. These native plants/ animals are on the verge of disappearing forever...this act needs to save them. This act will protect and help species at risk of extinction recover. By promoting policies nationwide to help species recover that are native to the U.S., this act enforced by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Commerce Department’s National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), will help make these goals possible. In order to ensure that this is possible, the ESA contains sections that encourage States to maintain conservation programs for these species at risk. There are safe harbor agreements, candidate conservation agreements, and conservation banks that are in effect in sake of these threatened/ endangered species ("Endangered Species Act"). IUCN REDLIST The main goal of the Red List is to motivate the global community to help protect species from going extinct, while we can still make a change. †ªSome plans are to improve fisheries management, monitor and minimize effects of human disturbance in breeding areas, and provide nest boxes in predator-free areas in order to help monitor reproductive success for the penguins (Red List).†¬ The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is different each time due to the fact that the update changes the numbers of species listed in each category. Some reasons for this cause is because of various factors, including new species being added to the Red List, species being reassessed and moved into a different category of threat, and taxonomic revisions, which can change the total population of species within a group (Red List). IUCN has more than 1,... ...redible cultural asset to their land. Therefore, the Galapagos penguins are valuable, and need to be preserved. 1. Personally, a loss of any creature is a sad topic to discuss, especially an extinction. Our hopes are that this species does not go extinct in the near future. There are only 2000 of them left. There are wildlife efforts to save these galapagos penguins that must remain a necessity. By donating  £25 to the Galapagos Conservation Trust, you can adopt a Galà ¡pagos penguin. This adoption program is a UK registered charity working for the conservation needs of the Galà ¡pagos Islands (Galapagos Conservation Trust). It would be a disappointment if the last Galapagos penguin dies before any children can view them. It will be an amazing accomplishment if this species is preserved and taken off the Endangered Species List. Let's stay on the road to recovery! Essay -- In 1973, Congress passed the Endangered Species Act (ESA) that expressed concern that many species were in danger of becoming extinct. These native plants/ animals are on the verge of disappearing forever...this act needs to save them. This act will protect and help species at risk of extinction recover. By promoting policies nationwide to help species recover that are native to the U.S., this act enforced by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Commerce Department’s National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), will help make these goals possible. In order to ensure that this is possible, the ESA contains sections that encourage States to maintain conservation programs for these species at risk. There are safe harbor agreements, candidate conservation agreements, and conservation banks that are in effect in sake of these threatened/ endangered species ("Endangered Species Act"). IUCN REDLIST The main goal of the Red List is to motivate the global community to help protect species from going extinct, while we can still make a change. †ªSome plans are to improve fisheries management, monitor and minimize effects of human disturbance in breeding areas, and provide nest boxes in predator-free areas in order to help monitor reproductive success for the penguins (Red List).†¬ The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is different each time due to the fact that the update changes the numbers of species listed in each category. Some reasons for this cause is because of various factors, including new species being added to the Red List, species being reassessed and moved into a different category of threat, and taxonomic revisions, which can change the total population of species within a group (Red List). IUCN has more than 1,... ...redible cultural asset to their land. Therefore, the Galapagos penguins are valuable, and need to be preserved. 1. Personally, a loss of any creature is a sad topic to discuss, especially an extinction. Our hopes are that this species does not go extinct in the near future. There are only 2000 of them left. There are wildlife efforts to save these galapagos penguins that must remain a necessity. By donating  £25 to the Galapagos Conservation Trust, you can adopt a Galà ¡pagos penguin. This adoption program is a UK registered charity working for the conservation needs of the Galà ¡pagos Islands (Galapagos Conservation Trust). It would be a disappointment if the last Galapagos penguin dies before any children can view them. It will be an amazing accomplishment if this species is preserved and taken off the Endangered Species List. Let's stay on the road to recovery!

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Essay -- Crib Death SIDS

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Many questions about the causes of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), also known as â€Å"crib death,† are still unresolved. The mysterious and elusive nature of SIDS creates problems, doubts, and more questions. This paper will present some of the most commonly asked questions as well as the answers that have been uncovered by scientists after years of research and study. In 1969, researchers agreed to define SIDS as â€Å"the sudden death of an infant or young child, which is unexpected by history, and in which a thorough postmortem examination fails to demonstrate an adequate cause of death† (Bergman, 1970). What Causes SIDS? The cause or causes of SIDS are still unknown. Most researchers now believe that babies who die of SIDS are born with one or more conditions that make them vulnerable to both internal and external stresses that occur in the normal life of an infant. Most deaths from SIDS occur by the end of the sixth month with the greatest number taking place between two and four months of age. A SIDS death occurs quickly and is often associated with sleep, with no signs of suffering. More deaths are reported in the winter months and most victims are boys, with a sixty-to-forty percent male-to-female ratio. How Many Babies Die from SIDS?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From year to year, the number of SIDS deaths tends to remain constant despite fluctuations in the overall number of infant deaths. The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) report...

Community Health Nursing Essay

Optional: As the school nurse role evolves, there are increasingly more health concerns for the school nurse. Does the locale make a difference in the problems, or are health problems in children and adolescents universal? In some inner-city areas, violence is a prevalent issue. What do you think are the biggest problems in your areas? The role of the school nurse has definitely evolved since I was in school. I remember the school nurse in elementary school was very kind in her starched white uniform and when you went to the â€Å"clinic† you were told to lay down on a cot and put a cool washcloth on your forehead. According to Nies & McEwan, many of today’s health challenges are different from those of the past and include behaviors and risks linked to the leading causes of death such as heart disease, injuries, and cancer (p. 580). There is an increase among young people to participate in unhealthy behavior such as smoking, drinking, drugs, and poor nutrition, decrease physical activity, increase sexual behavior, violence, suicide, that will put them at a risk for health problems (Nies & McEwan, 2015) In 2013, the population of Chesapeake, Virginia is 230,571 (United Stated Census Bureau) Chesapeake Public School Nurses in 2011-2012 treated 681,526 students in their clinic; treated 117,058 ill stude nts; treated 98,041 students that needed first aid and injured themselves; performed 62, 089 nursing procedures; counseled 175, 158 students and parents; and administered 128, 869 medications (Chesapeake Public Schools, 2012). WOW, that is a lot of  patients! This week’s lessons discusses the evolving role of the school nurse not only attending the students’ needs but involvement in â€Å"policy-making activities at both the local and state levels (CCN, 2015) The question proposed in this week’s lesson regarding some of the roles for the community health nurses is also applicable to the school nurse. The school nurse is the clinician, case manager, advocate, educator, researcher, administrator, change agent, case finder, coordinator and consultant in order to meet the complex needs of students. According to Nies & McEwen, many of today’s health challenges are different from those of the past and include behaviors and risks linked to the leading causes of death such as heart disease, injuries, and cancer. In the suburb that I live in there has been no violence reported by students in the school system that my daughter is a fifth grade teacher. I think the locale of the school system can increase potential risk for violence. In the school system that my daughter is a teacher she says that they deal more with behavior problems and lack of parental involvement in the child’s progress. There are more students that are being treated with mental illness at such an early age. She had one child that was diagnoses as a bipolar. There have been several cases of child abuse that she has had to report. She feels a challenge to education system is holding children more accountable to meet requirements verses appeasing parents. Many parents are the first to say, no it’s not my child when in fact their child is the leader of the disruptive group. Since President Bush initiated â€Å"no child left behind† program, I think this has caused challenges for the teacher to develop more creative styles of teaching without the support of administration and parents. I did not realize that the school nurse role included seven elements that they need to focus on that was listed in this week’s discussion. I thought their primary role was clinical services that included first aid and screening. After reviewing the elements, I can see this as an interdisciplinary team approach that should include teachers, lunch room staff, parents and students to ensure that students receive a top notch school health program that will provide them the tools to have a healthy lifestyle. References: United States Census Bureau. Retrieved from: http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/51/51550.html Chesapeake Public Schools, (July, 2012). School Health Advisory Board. Retrieved from: http://www.cpschools.com/shab_2012.pdf Nies, M. A., & McEwen, M. (2015). Community/Public health nursing: Promoting the health of populations (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders/Elsevier. Chamberlain College of Nursing. (2015). NR443 Week 4: Community Health Roles, Settings, and Interventions.[online lesson]. Downers Grove, IL: DeVry Education Group Community school nurses have a very difficult job. School age children have such a variety of health concerns that can be congenital, environmental, behavioral, and socioeconomic. (Nies & McEwen, 2015) Where does a CHN start? Promoting wellness, health education, and identifying deficiencies within the schools, and creating programs to improve services is a great beginning. I do believe that most problems that we see in children and adolescents are universal. Inactivity, obesity, poor nutrition, and substance abuse are a few examples, but these problems can escalate even more when as a child’s socioeconomic condition worsens. When researching statistics I was shocked to find out that that 8.3% of teenagers in Broward County had engaged in sex before the age of 13, that is higher than the national average of 6.2%. (floridahealth.gov) To make things worse, Broward County also has the second highest rate of Infectious Syphilis in the state. HIV and Chlamydia are also on the rise compared to the rest of the United States. Sexually transmitted diseases in this demographic are increasing but teen pregnancy is on the decline. This I believe is a real problem, sex education must start in our homes with parents and transcend into our schools. According to our reading, sex education in our schools remains controversial. However, it seems like a necessity for our youth to have a nonjudgemental forum in which they can receive accurate information Wow, I was amazed at the statisctis for STD’s in Broward County and wanted to see how Chesapeake Virginia rated. Per 100,000 there was 588.3 per people diagnosed with Chlamydia and that is higher than the state of Virginina and nationally. Gonorrhea was 108.9 compared to national level of 107.5.